Good question. My guess is that it might have something to do with marketing and corporate branding of each club. For example, Geelong changed their trading name from Geelong Football Club to Geelong Cats in the mid 2000s. It is rumoured that they wanted to ensure no negative comparisons with the Global Financial Crisis of the time (also GFC)
Its up to the Clubs to nominate what their “Official” Marketing Tag is for Fixturing Etc…
For example when South Melb moved up to Sydney in their first couple of season they were known as simply the Swans on Tables etc .. they didnt add Sydney for a few years…as it would thought adding it would cut them off totally from the Melbourne supporter base.
Footscray became the Western Bulldogs and the others have at their request added or removed certain names for broader marketing etc..
West Coast , yep thats a weird one, sorta made sense when no other team here, gives entire state coverage, should have been Perth in the same way Adelaide did it.
Can understand the clubs who’s name isn’t actually a place like West Coast or Western Bulldogs but you’re right about Sydney Swans should just be Sydney and Geelong Cats just be Geelong and Adelaide Crows just Adelaide, Brisbane Lions simply Brisbane, Gold Coast Suns just Gold Coast will do everyone knows where Gold Coast is. It has it’s own airport FFS.